Table of Contents
1 The Lumber Barons of Manistee, Michigan, as a Topic for Cultural Studies 4
2 General and Genealogical Research on the Life of Lumber Barons 6
2.1 Digital Archives on the Web 7
2.1.1 Digital Book Index 7
2.1.2 Digital Library Collections and Publications from the University of Michigan 9
2.1.3 Google Book Search 10
2.1.4 NewspaperARCHIVE.com 11
2.2 Genealogy on the Web 13
2.2.1 Ancestry 13
2.2.2 RootsWeb 15
2.2.3 FamilySearch 16
2.2.4 USGenWeb 17
2.3 Internet-supported General Research 18
2.3.1 Google Web Search 18
2.3.2 Metacrawler Web Search 19
2.3.3 WhitePages 19
3 A Research Trip to Manistee, Michigan 21
4 Documenting and Archiving Research Findings 25
4.1 Genbox 25
4.2 Family Tree Maker 28
4.3 WebResearch 31
5 The Lumber Industry in Michigan in the Nineteenth Century 33
5.1 The Logging Industry 33
5.2 Logging Camps and the Life of a Shanty Boy 36
5.3 Lumberman Songs and Legends 39
5.3.1 Songs 39
5.3.2 Paul Bunyan 42
5.4 Timber Transportation 43
5.4.1 River Drives 44
5.4.2 Big Wheels 45
5.4.3 Railroads 48
5.5 Sawmills 50
6 History of Manistee, Michigan 54
6.1 County Organization and Town Foundation 54
6.2 The Great Fire of 1871 56
6.3 Manistee during the Logging Era 58
6.4 After the Lumber Boom 61
6.5 Huron-Manistee National Forest 65
6.6 Manistee Today 67
6.7 Manistee Mansions 69
6.7.1 Architectural Style 70
6.7.2 Babcock Home 71
6.7.3 Dempsey Home 72
6.7.4 The First Buckley Home 73
6.7.5 Filer Home 74
7 The Lumber Barons of Manistee, Michigan 76
7.1 Lumber Baron Simeon Babcock 77
7.2 Lumber Baron Edward Buckley 78
7.3 Lumber Baron John Canfield 80
7.4 Lumber Baron William Douglas 81
7.5 Lumber Baron Delos L. Filer 82
7.6 Lumber Baron E. Golden Filer 83
7.7 Lumber Baron Delos Warren Filer 85
7.8 Lumber Baron Edward D. Wheeler 86
7.9 Lumber Baron Richard G. Peters 87
8 Case Study: Louis Sands 89
8.1 Birth and Childhood in Sweden 90
8.2 Arrival in the United States – Early Years 91
8.3 Lumber Business 93
8.3.1 The Lower Mill 93
8.3.2 The Upper Mill 94
8.4 Sands Railroads 95
8.5 Vessels and Lumber Shipping 96
8.6 Sands Electric Lighting Company 99
8.7 Sands Residence 100
8.8 Life and Legacy 102
8.9 The Man, Tales and Myths 104
9 Louis Sands’ Family and Descendants 112
9.1 Louis Sands’ First and Second Wives 113
9.1.1 First Wife: Caroline Richards 113
9.1.2 Second Wife: Isabella Marshall 114
9.2 Louis Sands’ Children 116
9.2.1 The Life of Charles Albert Sands 116
9.2.2 The Life of Martha Sands 118
9.2.3 The Life of Charlotte Isabella Sands 119
9.2.4 The Life of Sarah Sands 123
9.2.5 The Life of Flora Sands 126
9.2.6 The Life of Louis Marshall Sands 127
10 Conclusions 134
11 Glossary 137
12 Sources 150
12.1 Literature 150
12.2 Webpages 154
12.3 Documents 161
12.4 Conversation Protocols 163
12.5 Correspondence 164
12.6 Table of Images 166
cultural studies in the heartland of